For each type of source in this guide, both the general form and an example will be provided.
The following format will be used:
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) - entry that appears in the body of your paper when you express the ideas of an author using your own words. For more tips on paraphrasing check out The OWL at Purdue.
In-Text Citation (Quotation) - entry that appears in the body of your paper after a direct quote.
References - entry that appears at the end of your paper.
Information on citing and several of the examples were drawn from the APA Manual (6th ed.).
Numbers in parentheses refer to specific pages in the manual.
An Interview (p. 179)
Personal interviews are not included in the reference list because they do not provide recoverable data. Cite them in text only.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication,
Month Day, Year)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication,
Month Day, Year)
References:
Not included.
Example
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Y. Martel, personal communication, April 15, 2010)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Y. Martel, personal communication, April 15, 2010)